Glossary
Energy standards and regulation

What is Local Law 97?

Definition

Local Law 97 is the New York City law that sets annual greenhouse gas emissions limits for most buildings over 25,000 square feet. Limits apply from 2024 and tighten in 2030, and owners whose buildings exceed their limit face a penalty for each ton of emissions over the cap.

What it is

Local Law 97 was passed in 2019 as part of the Climate Mobilization Act. Each covered building gets an emissions limit based on its floor area and occupancy type. Actual emissions are calculated from annual energy use multiplied by emissions coefficients set in the law.

Compliance periods step down over time, with a major tightening in 2030 and further steps toward net zero by 2050. Owners file an annual emissions report, certified by a registered design professional. Some building types follow alternative pathways.

Who it applies to / where it is used

The law applies to most buildings over 25,000 square feet, and to groups of buildings on one tax lot that together exceed 50,000 square feet. Office, multifamily, hospitality, healthcare and institutional owners are all affected. Check current city guidance for exemptions and the specific limits for your occupancy group.

How it is measured / what evidence it needs

Emissions are calculated from measured energy use, so the starting point is complete annual consumption by fuel.

  • Annual electricity, gas, steam and fuel oil use for the building
  • Floor area by occupancy group
  • Records of efficiency measures and their measured effect
  • The annual report certified by a registered design professional

How Aqueduct helps

Aqueduct supplies verified energy reductions and carbon inputs per building, well before the compliance year closes.

  • Metered consumption by fuel and building, tracked against a projected annual total
  • Weather-normalized baselines through aQ EnergySmart to separate real reductions from a mild year
  • Peak demand and HVAC optimization where control is enabled, with owner approval
  • Exportable evidence through aQ Assurance for the registered design professional
Questions

Local Law 97: common questions

Most New York City buildings over 25,000 square feet, and groups of buildings on one lot over 50,000 square feet. Certain building types follow alternative pathways, so check current city guidance.

The owner faces a penalty for each ton of emissions over the limit, set in the law. Penalties also apply for late or missing reports.

Emissions limits tighten significantly in 2030, so many buildings that comply today will not then. Retrofits take time to plan and verify, which is why owners act early.

Aqueduct tracks metered energy by fuel, normalizes it for weather and verifies each reduction. The registered design professional and owner prepare and file the report.

See Aqueduct on your own facility.

Bring a site, a utility bill or a question. We will show you where the loss is.